Endocrine Abstracts

One of the most surprising and inspiring experimental models for type 2 diabetes therapy is gastric bypass surgery. Recent 5-year results have demonstrated massive improvements in glycaemic control and body weight, lipids and quality of life after surgery compared to intensive medical therapy (the Stampede trial). Therefore, it is imperative to identify the responsible factors with a view to utilize this knowledge for future therapy without surgery. Substantial evidence sugges...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations are reduced by 20–50% in type 2 diabetes but studies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive. Our aim was to study the GLP-1 profile during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) at GDM diagnosis and its relationship with insulin levels.Methods: A prospective study of selectively screened women was conducted. Plasma GLP-1, insulin and glucose were measured at 30-minute int...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations are reduced by 20–50% in type 2 diabetes but studies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconclusive. Our aim was to study the GLP-1 profile during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) at GDM diagnosis and its relationship with insulin levels.Methods: A prospective study of selectively screened women was conducted. Plasma GLP-1, insulin and glucose were measured at 30-minute int...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretine hormone with multiple actions besides control of glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 is known to cause natriuresis in humans but the effects on basic renal physiology are still partly unknown.This study therefore aimed to demonstrate the effects of GLP-1 on kidney hemodynamics, electrolyte handling, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in healthy men.Twelve healthy young male...

Context: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) overexpressing glucagon are associated with phenotypic heterogeneity. Objective: To correlate clinical phenotype with detailed analysis of plasma levels of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) in subjects with proglucagon-expressing tumours using specific immunoassays and gel filtration profiles to elaborate molecular heterogeneity of PGDPs, before and after somatostatin analogues.Case 1: A 57 year old wo...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from enteroendocrine L-cells in the gut. GLP-1 analogues and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors are currently used to treat type-2 diabetes. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the release of GLP-1 may facilitate the development of therapeutics to stimulate the release of endogenous GLP-1. Bile acids have been shown to induce GLP-1 release via the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 ...

ContextActive acromegaly is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, which improves upon treatment. Treatment options include surgery, medical therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) and Pegvisomant (PEG) and in few cases irradiation.ObjectiveTo describe the differential effect of various treatment regimens on the secretion of glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), and glucose-depen...

Endocrine Connections, 2020, 9(4): 279–288 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0009)...

Objective: Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for weight loss and diabetes remission. There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the glucagon levels after RYGB surgery, likely due to cross-reactivity with oxyntomodulin and glicentin. The aim of this study was to characterize the proglucagon peptide family responses post-RYGB surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes using validated assays.Method: Nineteen obes...